Feral Ferns in Clarence Valley, Northern NSW

The Clarence Valley has many native ferns, but few realise that introduced ferns are establishing as part of the weed flora in the catchment. Ferns don't have seeds as such but spores; minute seed equivalents, like the finest dust, they are easily dispersed long distances in the wind, or in mud etc. Regular Banyula weed whacker, Clive Barker - ecologist at large - has prepared this overview of the feral fernage of the Clarence Valley. Thanks Clive.